1 Samuel 20:17

Authorized King James Version

And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיּ֤וֹסֶף
again
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#2
יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙
And Jonathan
jehonathan, the name of four israelites
#3
לְהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ
to swear
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
דָּוִ֔ד
caused David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#6
אַהֲבַ֥ת
because he loved
love
#7
אֹת֑וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#9
אַהֲבַ֥ת
because he loved
love
#10
נַפְשׁ֖וֹ
his own soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#11
אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃
him for he loved
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing love fundamental to theology proper, revealing God's essential nature and character and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show patron-client relationships and family loyalty concepts, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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